Types of Equipment used
The WIP travels with an arsenal of bibliographical tools to ensure accuracy and
thoroughness. Each is applied to a variety of imprint characteristics and has a specific
function.
-
Notebook Computer - The most important tool used by the project has been the
computer into which the data is entered, stored, manipulated, and referenced. All the project's
relevant
correspondence, research, and report generation has been executed and stored on this machine
with regular backups being produced and placed in various locations for safety and integrity.
Electronic mail and access to the Internet has been provided through a high-speed modem
donated to the project and has greatly enhanced the program.
- Ruler, thickness gauge, and dial caliper - These tools are used to measure lengths
and
thicknesses to the nearest tenth of a millimeter.
- 35mm Camera - Some copies of imprints display attributes that are difficult to
completely
describe within the confines of a database. For example, original bindings often fall into this
category and are particularly at risk of destruction due to many collections re-binding damaged
books. In these cases detailed macro photography is done at institutions that allow it and these
images become part of a separate collection directly related to the main database. As imaging
technology improves, these photos will be integrated in a digital format with the database to
allow direct access.
- Loupe with reticle - Used for measuring type and lettering on bindings, this
optical device
has proven invaluable. A loupe is commonly used to examine letters at 5X magnification, but
the particular one used by the project has cross-hairs marked off in tenths of a millimeter for
a full centimeter. It is also used to help evaluate paper chain-line densities.
- NoUVIR sheet - An abbreviation for No Ultra-Violet/Infra-Red, the NoUVIR
illuminator
has made several aspects of this project possible and safe to undertake in a special collections
environment. Consisting of a fiber-optic cable with a .8 millimeter thick, 4 by 6 inch radiating
pad
and lighting unit, this instrument provides cool and non-damaging light for back illumination
of
paper. This type of light is vital to locating and studying watermarks and for performing many
of the paper measurements required by the program.
- Munsell Color Chart - Recording the color of leather, marbled papers,
endbands, and fore
edges has been an important part of this program. This chart functions as one of the accepted
standards among bibliographers and reference to it gives a much more specific idea of the
colors
used than any verbal or even photographic description. It is also applied to colored inks found
in a few imprints and other characteristics as well.
- Graphite pencil and rubbing paper - Taking rubbings of the decorative tools
found on
bindings has been a long standing technique among bibliographers interested in binding
description and identification. A similar technique can be used to record watermarks against
plate
glass. The pencil used in this method contains no wood as it is all graphite. This provides a
much
larger surface area than a typical pencil has and therefore reduces the risk of damage to
sensitive
bindings and paper.
- DYLUX paper and lighting - One of the more ambitious aspects of the WIP has
been the
collection of watermarks found in imprints. Few bibliographical projects have dealt with this
important but tricky characteristic. When paper with a watermark is located in an imprint, the
leaf is laid over a sheet of DYLUX paper which is then exposed to florescent light for several
minutes. The DYLUX is then removed and exposed to ultra-violet light which develops the
image
of the watermark. The resulting image is then cataloged for later identification or reference.
- Mylar overlays - The recent introduction of clear mylar
sheets capable of being
fed through
photocopiers has provided the project with a ground-breaking technique in type identification.
Known foundry specimen sheets and imprints containing unknown types are photocopied onto
these clear sheets resulting in overlays which can be easily and accurately compared in the field.
Libraries made up of mylars of identified and yet-unidentified typefaces are carried into
collections
which provide quick recognition of known examples and references to unknown samples which
will be named later.
© Copyright 1996, Williamsburg Imprints Program, All Rights
Reserved.